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Carboxylate Stabilzers Metal carboxylate stabilizers are mixtures based on salts of aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids and sometimes of alkylphenols with Barium, Cadmium, Zinc and Calcium in different proportions.Often stearic or lauric acid are used for solid, unsaturated or short-chain acids, alkylbenzoic acids as well as alkylphenols, for liquid systems. Carboxylates are mostly used in combination. Barium compounds with Zinc or Cadmium compounds and Calcium with Zinc compounds, as these are synergistic thermostabilizers. Cadmium or Zinc carboxylates give good initial colour but poor long-term stability whereas Barium and Calcium compound show the opposite behaviour. Suitable combinations, e.g. barium/cadmium carboxylates or Calcium/Zinc carboxylates provide good initial colourtogether with good long-term stability. Metal carboxylate stabilizers must be chosen which are appropriate to the PVC type, the numerous formulation variations, including the use of plasticizers and fillers and the processing techniques such as calendering, extrusion, injection moulding, plastisol processing. Additionally, the demands made of the end product, for example high transparency, weathering stability, resistance to discoloration owing to sulphur compounds, plate out and fogging control, ease of printing and welding must be considered. This is the reason why so many different Metal carboxylate stabilizers are in the market, and why they are all dissimilar. |
| Barium-Cadmium & Barium-Cadmium-Zinc Stabilizers | |
| Barium/cadmium carboxylates are among the oldest PVC stabilizers
Liquid Barium/cadmium stabilizers with less than 5% cadmium content were developed
more than 30 years ago for the stabilisation of plasticized PVC. They contained a large amount of solvent. At the beginning of 1970s it was possible to manufacture self-lubricating liquid Ba/Cd stabilizers. At the same time, by using long-chain fatty acids it was possible to reduce the solvent content. These stabilizers often contain a small amount of Zinc compounds to give an improvement in initial colour. Furthermore, addition of Zinc carboxylate lowers the sensitivity to discoloration caused by the sulphur-containing substances in the atmosphere. In comparison with the first generation stabilizers, these new stabilizers have improved plate out behaviour. Liquid Ba-Cd and Ba-Cd-Zn are widely used in Extrusion, Calendering and Injection mouding of flexible & semi-rigid PVC as well as for various kinds of plastisol processing. Decorative furniture and agricultural films are manufactured by calendering, solid articles and tubing by extrusion, and sandals and shoe-soles by injection moulding and top coating of floor covering by plastisol processing. 'PATSTAB' range of these stabilizes offers the PVC processor good early colour, excellent clarity and good thermal stability coupled with low plate out characteristics when suitably formulated. PATSTAB 101 (Ba/Cd): Is an economic stabilizer having good balance of initial clarity and long term colour stability. Patstab 101 gives good cost effective performance for general purpose extrusion and injection moulding. Eg.Complete foot wears soles. PATSTAB 102 (Ba/Cd): Is a cost-effective stabilizer with initial clarity and long term stability superior to Patstab 101. This grade is well suited for both extrusion and injection moulding and can also be used to advantage for production of high quality shoe soles. PATSTAB 103 (Ba/Cd): Is a general purpose stabilizer with good early colour, colourhold and good stability. This grade is well suited for a wide range of flexible PVC formulations, used for extrusion, injection moulding applications. |
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PATSTAB 104 (Ba/Cd): With early colour and long range stability superiorto Patstab 103, this grade is particularly suited for general purpose calendering and extrusion formulation. PATSTAB 105 (Ba/Cd): Is the grade with outstanding early colour, excellent colourhold over a longer period of time and long range stability. This grade is well suited for applications requiring high clarity whilst using formulations based on suspension PVC, eg. Extruded tubing. PATSTAB 106 (Ba/Cd): Is a stabalizer with excellent early colour and clarity and excellent long range stability superior to Patstab 105. This grade is well suited for suspension resin based formulations. Eg: calendered crystal clear film. PATSTAB 201 (Ba/Cd/ Zn): Offers outstanding early colour characteristics coupled with long term stability, ideally suited for calendering and extrusion applications. PATSTAB 202 (Ba/Cd/Zn): Whilst very similar to Patstab 201 in respect of early colour and long term stability, this product offers the customer economic advantages. PATSTAB 203,204 & 207 (Ba/Cd/Zn): With good initial colour and high stability, these economic grades are well suited for extrusion, injection moulding & plastisol applications. PATSTAB 205 (Ba/Cd/Zn): Is a well-suited grade for applications requiring excellent outdoor weathering characteristics. Eg: Plastisol coil coating and Tarpaulins. PATSTAB 206 (Ba/Cd/Zn): Has the best initial colour and excellent clarity of all the grades and is well suited for exacting extrusion and calendering applications |
Barium-Lead Stabilizers Liquid Ba/Pb stabilizer systems are economic compared to liquid Ba/Cd and liquid Ba/Cd and liquid Ba/Cd/Zn systems. They are often used on the grounds of economy. MALDEEP offers the following grades of Ba/Pb:
Production of foamed PVC articles by regulated decomposition of chemical blowing agent such as azodicarbonamide is well known. Application include PVC flooring, PVC wall covering and a variety of supported and unsupported sheeting. The decomposition temperature of azodicarbonamide by itself is over 2000 c, which is above the normal processing temperature of PVC. However by usage of suitable activators the decomposition temperature could be substantially reduced to facilitate smooth processing of PVC. MALDEEP offers a range of Cd/zn and K/Zn based Liquid Stabilizer System also known as Kickers, which apart from stabilizing function,also act as activator for chemically foamed PVC.
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